Berry-Cabn, Cristbal S. "DDT and silent spring: fifty years after". Local Public Notice Announcements Broadcasters not the FCC or any other government agency are responsible for selecting the material they air. Independent labels usually do not enjoy the resources available to the "big three" and as such will often lag behind them in market shares. A lottery is any game, contest, or promotion that contains the elements of prize, chance, and "consideration" (a legal term that means an act or promise that is made to induce someone into an agreement). [74] Mass outdoor spraying of DDT was abandoned in poor countries subject to malaria, such as Sri Lanka, in the 1970s and 1980s; this was not because of government prohibitions but because the DDT had lost its ability to kill the mosquitoes. [3], The degree to which the President has the power to use executive orders to set policy for independent executive agencies is disputed. [50] Following the report's release, Carson also testified before a U.S. Senate subcommittee to make policy recommendations. [citation needed], As of early 2019, the podcasting industry still generated little overall revenue,[30] although the number of persons who listen to podcasts continues to grow steadily. [34] Labels and organizations have had to change their strategies and the way they work with artists. To do this, each non-exempt station licensee must identify the needs and problems and then specifically treat these local matters in the news, public affairs, political and other programming that it airs. "[52], The book was translated into German (under the title Der stumme Frhling), with the first German edition appearing in 1963, followed by a number of later editions. [74] Because of insects' very short breeding cycle and large number of offspring, the most resistant insects survive and pass on their genetic traits to their offspring, which replace the pesticide-slain insects relatively rapidly. However, if you believe that an advertisement is offensive because of the nature of the item advertised, the scheduling of the announcement, or the way the message is presented, you should consider addressing your complaint directly to the station or network involved, providing the date and time of the broadcast and the product or advertiser in question. [43] Finally, in April 10, 2015, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office invalidated five provisions of Personal Audio's podcasting patent. Podcasting is the preparation and distribution of audio files using RSS feeds to the computers of subscribed users. Digital Television The center label on a 4th & Broadway record marketed in the United States would typically bear a 4th & B'way logo and would state in the fine print, "4th & B'way, an Island Records, Inc. company". Obscene, Indecent, or Profane Programming The United States Department of Agriculture's 1957 fire ant eradication program, which involved aerial spraying of DDT and other pesticides mixed with fuel oil and included the spraying of private land, prompted Carson to devote her research, and her next book, to pesticides and environmental poisons. Of particular significance was the work of National Cancer Institute researcher and founding director of the environmental cancer section Wilhelm Hueper, who classified many pesticides as carcinogens. We have created contact points at the Commission, accessible via toll-free telephone numbers or over the Internet, dedicated to providing information to members of the public regarding how they can become involved in the Commissions processes. The broadcast must cause direct and actual damage to property or to the health or safety of the general public, or diversion of law enforcement or other public health and safety authorities from their duties, and the public harm must begin immediately. As discussed in more detail further in this Manual, each commercial station and most noncommercial stations must provide the public with information about how it has met its obligation in a quarterly report. An average person, applying contemporary community standards, must find that the material, as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest; The material must depict or describe, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable law; and. In addition, major local radio stations like WNYC in New York City, WHYY-FM radio in Philadelphia, and KCRW in Los Angeles placed their programs on their websites and later on the iTunes platform. This will help those involved in the selection of advertising material to become better informed about audience opinion. If you have any concerns about a local station including its general operation, programming or other matters make your opinion known to the licensee and, if necessary, advise us of your concerns so we can look into the matter. A station that broadcasts or advertises information about a contest that it conducts must fully and accurately disclose the material terms of the contest and must conduct the contest substantially as announced or advertised over-the-air or on the Internet. Many of these applications allow users to download podcasts or stream them on demand. 1968: first paperback edition (dtv). If the licensee does not satisfactorily resolve the problem, you can mail or email a complaint to the Commission as follows: Your complaint should include: 1) your name, address, and phone number; 2) the call letters of each station involved; 3) each location at which the interference occurs; and 4) each specific device receiving the interference. Formal theory. This page was last edited on 22 October 2022, at 20:55. Similarly, Madonna's Maverick Records (started by Madonna with her manager and another partner) was to come under control of Warner Music when Madonna divested herself of controlling shares in the company. Of Carson, Maria Popova wrote, "Her lyrical writing rendered her not a mere translator of the natural world, but an alchemist transmuting the steel of science into the gold of wonder. Lotteries. Please note that a complaint submitted through the File a Consumer Complaint link on the FCCs website will NOT be treated as a petition to deny or informal objection against a stations license renewal application. Renewal applications are due on a staggered basis depending upon the state in which the station is licensed. Material Relating to an FCC Investigation or Complaint Phone: (202) 418-1600 A label typically enters into an exclusive recording contract with an artist to market the artist's recordings in return for royalties on the selling price of the recordings. Consumer Inquiries and Complaints Division [90][91][92], Naturalist David Attenborough has stated that Silent Spring was probably the book that had changed the scientific world the most, after the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin. The reconciliation information need not be placed in the file, immediately, but the broadcaster must identify a person or persons at the station capable of informing an advertiser of the details of any reconciliation information. Consumer Inquiries and Complaints Division Microsofts Activision Blizzard deal is key to the companys mobile gaming efforts. Podcasts are similar to radio programs in form, but they exist as audio files that can be played at a listener's convenience, anytime and anywhere. However, no statement was made as to whether or not Apple believed they held rights to it. Introduction. [3][4], In 2006, Silent Spring was named one of the 25 greatest science books of all time by the editors of Discover magazine. If the emergency information is provided in the video portion of a regularly scheduled newscast or a newscast that interrupts regular programming, it must be made accessible through an aural description of the emergency information. According to biographer Linda Lear, "in juxtaposition to the wild-eyed, loud-voiced Dr. Robert White-Stevens in white lab coat, Carson appeared anything but the hysterical alarmist that her critics contended". The request and disposition must be placed in the file as soon as possible, which the Commission has determined is immediately absent extraordinary circumstances. This disclosure requirement also applies to the broadcast of musical selections for consideration (so-called payola) and the airing of certain video news releases. Until then, the USDA was responsible both for regulating pesticides and promoting the concerns of the agriculture industry; Carson saw this as a conflict of interest, since the agency was not responsible for effects on wildlife or other environmental concerns beyond farm policy. [24] By 2007, audio podcasts were doing what was historically accomplished via radio broadcasts, which had been the source of radio talk shows and news programs since the 1930s. Although this made access to podcasts more convenient and widespread, it also effectively ended advancement of podcatchers by independent developers. "[65], In a 2013 interview, Ruckelshaus briefly recounted his decision to ban DDT except for emergency uses, noting that Carson's book featured DDT and for that reason the issue drew considerable public attention. Due to advancing technology such as the Internet, the role of labels is rapidly changing, as artists are able to freely distribute their own material through online radio, peer-to-peer file sharing such as BitTorrent, and other services, at little to no cost, but with correspondingly low financial returns. Hello, and welcome to Protocol Entertainment, your guide to the business of the gaming and media industries. The public can determine whether they are within a stations blanketing contour by consulting contour maps in the stations public inspection file to see if they reside in close proximity to the offending stations transmitter site. Pierce, Richard; Shapiro, Sidney A.; Verkuil, Paul (5th ed. Carson never called for an outright ban on DDT. Annapolis Junction, MD 20701. The magazine and book publications proceeded as planned, as did the large Book-of-the-Month printing, which included a pamphlet by William O. Douglas endorsing the book. Commercial TV broadcasters must maintain records to verify compliance with commercial time limits and make these records available for public inspection. Most podcast players or applications allow listeners to skip around the podcast and to control the playback speed. End the rulemaking proceeding without adopting any rules at all. Under Category A of the processing guidelines, television licensees are eligible for routine staff-level approval of the children's television programming portion of their renewal applications if they air either (i) three hours per week (as averaged over a six month period) of Core Programming or (ii) 156 hours of Core Programming annually, including at least 26 hours per quarter of regularly scheduled weekly programming of at least 30 minutes in length and up to 52 hours annually of Core Programs of at least 30 minutes in length that are not aired on a regularly scheduled weekly basis, such as educational specials and regularly scheduled non-weekly programming. You can find links to our rules on the Commission website at https://www.fcc.gov/wireless/bureau-divisions/technologies-systems-and-innovation-division/rules-regulations-title-47. In this regard, the Commission has observed that the public interest is best served by permitting free expression of views. However, the right to broadcast material is not absolute. DuPont, a major manufacturer of DDT and 2,4-D, and Velsicol Chemical Company, the only manufacturer of chlordane and heptachlor, were among the first to respond. However, if you are offended by a stations programming, we urge you to make your concerns known in writing to the station licensee. [14][15] Artists who have had disputes with their labels over ownership and control of their music have included Taylor Swift,[16] Tinashe,[17] Megan Thee Stallion,[18] Kelly Clarkson,[19] Thirty Seconds to Mars,[20] Clipse,[21] Ciara,[22] JoJo,[15] Michelle Branch,[23] Kesha,[24] Kanye West,[25] Lupe Fiasco,[26] Paul McCartney,[27] and Johnny Cash.[28]. Official station identification includes the stations call letters, followed by the community specified in its license as the stations location. [46] Reactions from the estimated audience of ten to fifteen million were overwhelmingly positive and the program spurred a congressional review of pesticide hazards and the public release of a pesticide report by the President's Science Advisory Committee. Silent Spring is an environmental science book by Rachel Carson. Sometimes they are able to recoup their initial advance even with much lower sales numbers. Other Types of ApplicationsBroadcast Programming: Basic Law and Policy Cable Television - Where to File Complaints Regarding Cable Service, Online Public Inspection File Access and Information, Public, Educational, and Governmental Access Channels ("PEG Channels"), Television Broadcast Stations on Satellite, Video Competition and Price Survey Reports. [25], In August 2004, Adam Curry launched his show Daily Source Code. [18], Research at the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health brought Carson into contact with medical researchers investigating the gamut of cancer-causing chemicals. For additional information about the sponsorship identification and payola rules, see https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/fccs-payola-rules. DuPont compiled an extensive report on the book's press coverage and estimated impact on public opinion. Whenever we review an application whether to build a new station, modify or renew the license of an existing station or sell a station we must determine if granting the application would serve the public interest. Digital Radio. For many stations, these records are maintained in a public insprction file that must contain documents relevant to the station's operation and dealings with the community and the FCC. How to File an Obscenity, Indecency, or Profanity Complaint [79][80] Syndication of podcasts' episodes across various websites and platforms is based on RSS feeds, an XML-formatted file citing information about the episode and the podcast itself. ;[58] and the Spanish title is Primavera silenciosa. [12][13], The Audubon Naturalist Society actively opposed chemical spraying programs and recruited Carson to help publicize the U.S. government's spraying practices and related research. Submission of an audio or video tape, CD, DVD or other recording or transcript of the complained-of material is not required but is helpful, as is the specific name of the program, the on-air personality, song, or film, and the city and state in which the complainant saw or heard the broadcast. For example, casino gambling is generally considered to be a lottery subject to the terms of the advertising restriction although, as discussed below, the prohibition is not applied to truthful advertisements for lawful casino gambling. Because you watch and listen to the stations that we license, you can be a valuable and effective advocate. Carson accuses the chemical industry of intentionally spreading disinformation and public officials of accepting industry claims uncritically. Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect. No federal law prohibits the broadcast by stations of requests for funds for legal purposes (including appeals by stations for contributions to meet their operating expenses), if the money or other contributions are used for the announced purposes. [5] In 2012, the American Chemical Society designated the legacy of Silent Spring a National Historic Chemical Landmark at Chatham University in Pittsburgh. [74] Podcast novelists have commented that podcasting their novels lets them build audiences even if they cannot get a publisher to buy their books. For the reasons noted previously, the Commission generally will not intervene in these cases because it would be inconsistent with the First Amendment to replace the journalistic judgment of licensees with our own. There are three applications of this separation principle: 1) bumpers between program and advertising content (e.g., and now for a commercial break); 2) the host selling policy, which prohibits the use of program talent to deliver commercials; and 3) program-length commercials (PLC), which the Commission defines as a program associated with a product in which commercials for that product are aired (when a PLC occurs, then the entire program is considered a commercial). In many cases where there is interference on your television set or radio, the source of the problem could be with your equipment, which may not be adequately designed with circuitry or filtering to reject the unwanted signals of nearby transmitters. However, federal law prohibits fraud by wire, radio or television including situations in which money solicited for one purpose is used for another and doing so may lead to FCC sanctions, as well as to criminal prosecution by the U.S. Department of Justice. The Federal Trade Commission has primary responsibility for determining whether an advertisement is false or deceptive and for taking action against the sponsor. Public Participation in the Licensing Process The FCC was created by Congress in the Communications Act for the purpose of regulating interstate and foreign commerce in communication by wire and radio so as to make available, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States, without discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, or sex, a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communications service . The First Amendment's guarantee of freedom of speech similarly protects programming that stereotypes or may otherwise offend people with regard to their religion, race, national background, gender, or other characteristics. This assistance entails providing specific details about proper corrective measures to resolve the blanketing interference. For additional information concerning this requirement, see https://www.fcc.gov/television-and-set-top-box-controls-menus-program-guides. It was also influential to the rise of ecofeminism and to many feminist scientists. Letters to station and network officials keep them informed about audience needs and interests, as well as on public opinion on specific material and practices. Lastly, this Manual is intended only as a general overview of the Commissions broadcast regulations. DDT was never banned for anti-malarial use, and its ban for agricultural use in the United States in 1972 did not apply outside the U.S. nor to anti-malaria spraying. EPA Alumni Association: EPA Administrator William Ruckelshaus and some of his closest aides recall the DDT ban decision, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Modern Library List of Best 20th-Century Nonfiction, "The Rachel Carson Letters and the Making of Silent Spring", "Professional entomology and the 44 noisy years since Silent Spring. [36] Other publicity included a positive editorial in The New York Times and excerpts of the serialized version were published in Audubon Magazine. . (In this context, the word "radio" covers both broadcast radio and television.) The overarching theme of Silent Spring is the powerfuland often negativeeffect humans have on the natural world. Display of Internet Website Addresses Many types of contests, depending on their particulars, also are covered under this definition. Established artists, such as Nine Inch Nails, whose career was developed with major label backing, announced an end to their major label contracts, citing that the uncooperative nature of the recording industry with these new trends is hurting musicians, fans and the industry as a whole. These files may then be uploaded to streaming services, which users can listen to on their smartphones or digital music and multimedia players, like an iPod. Additional information about false or misleading advertising can be found at Complaints About Broadcast Advertising. Established, successful artists tend to be able to renegotiate their contracts to get terms more favorable to them, but Prince's much-publicized 19941996 feud with Warner Bros. Records provides a strong counterexample,[8] as does Roger McGuinn's claim, made in July 2000 before a US Senate committee, that the Byrds never received any of the royalties they had been promised for their biggest hits, "Mr.Tambourine Man" and "Turn! [37] On November 16, 2006, the Apple Trademark Department stated that "Apple does not object to third-party usage of the generic term 'podcast' to accurately refer to podcasting services" and that "Apple does not license the term". Depending on the nature of the advertisement, you should contact these agencies regarding advertisements that you believe may be false or misleading. [8] Their officers can be protected from removal by the president, they can be controlled by a board that cannot be appointed all at once, and the board can be required to be bipartisan. Virtually all licensees and permittees of TV and radio stations and applicants for new broadcast stations are required to maintain records that must be made available for public inspection. Comments/Complaints to the FCC. [82][83] If the podcast involves two or more people, each person requires a microphone, and a USB audio interface is needed to mix them together. Broadcast licenses generally expire on a staggered basis, by state, with most radio licenses expiring between October 1, 2019, and August 1, 2022, and most television licenses expiring between October 1, 2020, and August 1, 2023, one year after the radio licenses in the same state. These methods include open captioning, crawls, or scrolls that appear on the screen. Microsoft is quietly building a mobile Xbox store that will rely on Activision and King games. [26], The academic communityincluding prominent defenders such as H. J. Muller, Loren Eiseley, Clarence Cottam and Frank Eglermostly backed the book's scientific claims and public opinion backed Carson's text. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health". If the podcast includes video (livestreaming), then a separate webcam might be needed, and additional lighting. Educational and Informational Programming. Employment Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity ("EEO") It is also "any activity or enterprise entered into for profit." A podcast series usually features one or more recurring hosts engaged in a discussion about a particular topic or current event. Reasonable Access [22], Its title was inspired by a poem by John Keats, "La Belle Dame sans Merci", which contained the lines "The sedge is wither'd from the lake, And no birds sing. [29], Within a year, many podcasts from public radio networks like the BBC, CBC Radio One, NPR, and Public Radio International placed many of their radio shows on the iTunes platform. Apparatus Requirements for Emergency Information and Video Description. Below are lists of the top 10 contributors to committees that have raised at least $1,000,000 and are primarily formed to support or oppose a state ballot measure or a candidate for state office in the November 2022 general election. The Constitutions protection of free speech includes programming that may be objectionable to many viewers or listeners. Generally, the heads of independent regulatory agencies can only be removed for cause, but Cabinet members and heads of independent executive agencies, such as the head of the Environmental Protection Agency, serve "at the pleasure of the president" and can be removed without cause. In addition, effective technical assistance also includes recommending replacement equipment that would work better in high radio frequency fields. False or Misleading Advertising. Additionally, Apple issued cease and desist orders to many podcast application developers and service providers for using the term "iPod" or "Pod" in their products' names. You may also want to consider reviewing our rules or contacting an attorney. These agencies are not represented in the cabinet and are not part of the Executive Office of the president:[18]. Should you have questions about how to do so, including inquiries about our complaint or petitioning procedures -or the filing and status of the license renewal, modification or assignment or transfer application for a particular station -- you can contact one of our Broadcast Information Specialists by calling or sending an e-mail as follows: If your question relates to a radio station: [73] On occasion such novelists have secured publishing contracts to have their novels printed. Accessible User InterfacesBusiness Practices and Advertising A music group is usually affiliated to an international conglomerate "holding company", which often has non-music divisions as well. The best-known types are copyrights, patents, trademarks, and trade secrets.The modern concept of intellectual property developed in England in the 17th and 18th centuries. Political Broadcasting: Candidates for Public Office Gareth Stevens. Podcasts are partially patterned on previous media genres but depart from them systematically in certain computationally observable stylistic respects. How to Resolve Blanketing Interference Problems. Additional information about false or misleading advertising can be found at https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/complaints-about-broadcast-advertising. Independent agencies can be distinguished from the federal executive departments and other executive agencies by their structural and functional characteristics. Commercial and Noncommercial Educational Stations She said in Silent Spring that even if DDT and other insecticides had no environmental side effects, their indiscriminate overuse was counterproductive because it would create insect resistance to pesticides, making them useless in eliminating the target insect populations: No responsible person contends that insect-borne disease should be ignored. The FCC and Freedom of Speech Profane material also is protected by the First Amendment so its broadcast cannot be outlawed entirely. [45] Mark Hamilton Lytle writes, Carson "quite self-consciously decided to write a book calling into question the paradigm of scientific progress that defined postwar American culture". [27] About DDT and cancer, Carson says only: In laboratory tests on animal subjects, DDT has produced suspicious liver tumors. How to File a Loud Commercial Complaint. This procedure is discussed earlier in this Manual. They can also garner support from listeners through crowdfunding websites like Patreon, which provide special extras and content to listeners for a fee. [41] In October 2013, the EFF filed a petition with the US Trademark Office to invalidate the Personal Audio patent. The emergency information may be closed captioned or presented through an alternative method of visual presentation. We also do not review anyones qualifications to gather, edit, announce, or comment on the news. A music group controls and consists of music-publishing companies, record (sound recording) manufacturers, record distributors, and record labels. The FCC requires certain apparatus that receive, play back, or record video programming to make available a secondary audio stream for providing video description services and accessible emergency information. This shift occurred as a result of the evolution of internet capabilities along with increased consumer access to cheaper hardware and software for audio recording and editing. In light of the First Amendment and Section 326 of the Communications Act, we do not substitute our judgment for that of the licensee, nor do we advise stations on artistic standards, format, grammar, or the quality of their programming. We license only individual broadcast stations. By August 1961, Carson agreed to the suggestion of her literary agent Marie Rodell: Silent Spring would be a metaphorical title for the entire booksuggesting a bleak future for the whole natural worldrather than a literal chapter title about the absence of birdsong. For example, in the 1980s and 1990s, "4th & B'way" was a trademarked brand owned by Island Records Ltd. in the UK and by a subordinate branch, Island Records, Inc., in the United States. Rservez des vols pas chers sur easyJet.com vers les plus grandes villes d'Europe. All the latest news, views, sport and pictures from Dumfries and Galloway. [26][27] Daily Source Code started at a grassroots level of production and was initially directed at podcast developers. Adopt a modified version of some or all of the proposed rules; Ask for public comment on additional issues relating to the proposals; or. A podcast novel (also known as a "serialized audiobook" or "podcast audiobook") is a literary form that combines the concepts of a podcast and an audiobook. FCC Regulation of Broadcast Radio and Television, Commercial and Noncommercial Educational Stations, Applications to Build New Stations; Length of License Period, Public Participation in the Licensing Process, Criticism, Ridicule, and Humor Concerning Individuals, Groups, and Institutions, Political Broadcasting: Candidates for Public Office, Programming Inciting "Imminent Lawless Action", Obscene, Indecent, or Profane Programming, How to File an Obscenity, Indecency, or Profanity Complaint, Educational and Informational Programming, Apparatus Requirements for Emergency Information and Video Description, Business Practices, Advertising Rates, and Profits, Employment Discrimination and Equal Employment Opportunity ("EEO"), Underwriting Announcements on Noncommercial Educational Stations, How to Resolve Blanketing Interference Problems, Requirement to Maintain a Public Inspection File, Children's Television Programming Reports, Material Relating to an FCC Investigation or Complaint, Donor Lists for Non-Commercial Educational Channels ("NCEs"), Records Concerning Children's Programming Commercial Limits, Must-Carry or Retransmission Consent Elections, Class A TV Continuing Eligibility Documentation, Sponsorship Identification - Political Matter and Controversial Issues of Public Importance, Information on Third-Party Fundraising by NCE stations.
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