Brown trout habitat includes cold freshwater streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds, and for sea-run brown trout, cold parts of the Atlantic Ocean where the average temperature stays below 70 degrees year-round. In Spring Striped Bass, These fish can grow to 50lbs so you'll need a heavy duty rod. Krueger, C.C., and B. [15], Cover or structure is important to trout, and they are more likely to be found near submerged rocks and logs, undercut banks, and overhanging vegetation. state centroids or Canadian provinces). Marsden, and J.E. Rotenone--a review of its toxicity and use for fisheries management. 1992. Clearly, New Zealand is the place to go if youre after monster browns! Origin: Introduced . It was caught from Little Red River, Arkansas by Howard Rip Collins. Conservation Science and Practice 3:e325. There are different strains or subtypes of brown trout, which means theyre the same species so they can mate with other strains, but have slight genetic differences that affect when they spawn, how fast they grow, diet, and details in their appearance. I know of waters in the United States that hold brown trout with an average size of 8 to 14 inches. 1994. Burr. Johnson. Olafsson, G. Woodward, and G.M. 1995. Anderson, A.M., E. Mittag, B. Middleton, B. Vondracek, and L.C. ), nymphs (Prince Nymphs, Hares Ears, Pheasant Tails, Girdle Bugs, etc. Spots on the lower body are red. Wilson, and B.D. and T.D. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2019.08.005. Non-native range in Australia, New Zealand, and Tasmania: Brown trout were first brought to the Oceania continent (an area that includes Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, and other nearby islands) by early European settlers seeking to populate the barren rivers with sportfish in the late 1860s. Average Size: 4-8 ounces in streams to several pounds in Lake Jocassee and lakes Hartwell and Murray tailraces. Lahontan cutthroat trout. Brown trout are active both by day and by night and are opportunistic feeders. The Brown Trout spawn only if there is sufficient water velocity and depth over suitable gravel beds. A lake trout. For example, Houde et al. 2015b. The Brown Trout was first imported to the United States in 1883 from Germany and stocked in the Pere Marquette River, Michigan, by the U.S. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02762.x. Greer, M.J.C., S.K. On September 11, 2009, a 41.45-lb (18.80-kg) brown trout was caught by Tom Healy in the Manistee River system in Michigan, setting a new state record. MacCrimmon, H.R., and T.L. Weidel, and J. Rinchard. Mumby, J.A., S.M. Brown trout weighing several pounds are the norm here, though they are not particularly plentiful. Pages 95-111 in Managing invasive freshwater fish in New Zealand: Proceedings of a workshop hosted by the Department of Conservation, Hamilton, New Zealand. The Free Press, NY. Ecological and genetic effects of salmonid introductions in North America. DiRado, G. Mackey, and R. Abbett. Taylor, J.N., W.R. Courtenay, Jr., and J.A. [10], The fish is not considered to be endangered, although some individual stocks are under various degrees of stress mainly through habitat degradation, overfishing, and artificial propagation leading to introgression. Stephenson, A. Terreau, A.F. Introductions of brown trout into the American West created new angling opportunities, none so successful from an angling perspective as was the introduction of browns into the upper Firehole River in Yellowstone National Park in 1890. de Leaniz. Bronte, S. Czesny, Z. Feiner, M.S. . Brown trout are on the larger side for trout. Houde, A.L.S., C.C. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Fish Commission 7(1887):21-22. This is much smaller than the world record of 44 lbs. Your online angling reference and resources guide. The brown trout has been a popular game fish of European anglers for centuries. The all-tackle record for the largest Rainbow Trout is 48 pounds. This fish now supplants the former world record from the Little Red River in Arkansas. S. t. Additional shipments of "von Behr" brown trout eggs arrived in 1884. 1966. This work is credited with describing the first instance of fly fishing for trout, the trout being the brown trout found in Macedonia. Ecosystem Role Size and Weight Salmon average 28-30 inches long and weigh 8-12 pounds. Fisheries 37(5):201-211. Access to deep water for protection in winter freezes, or fast water for protection from low oxygen levels in summer are also ideal. Distribution of exotic fishes in the continental United States. Rinne, J.N. Available: http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/stats/rec/gl/gl2005/Report-eng.pdf. Many coaster populations have been severely reduced by overfishing and habitat loss by the construction of hydroelectric power dams on Lake Superior tributaries. Please help support us by liking Bass Fishing Gurus and sharing pages you like. It's simple and really helps get the word out. Pages 225-231 in A. Calhoun, editor. Marking, L.L. Structure provides protection from predators, bright sunlight, and higher water temperatures. Landscape-scale evaluation of asymmetric interactions between Brown Trout and Brown Trout using two-species occupancy models. Neff. . Tight lines! https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2589-2. (2015a) found that juvenile Brown Trout reduced the survival and growth of juvenile Atlantic Salmon (, The state of California has attempted to eradicate Brown Trout in some areas in order to preserve native Golden Trout, Fuller, P., J. Larson, A. Fusaro, T.H. The average size brown trout in Ontario rivers is 8 to 10 inches but there are some up to 30 inches and 10 pounds. Scott and Crossman (1973); Page and Burr (1991); Jenkins and Burkhead (1994). Do Rainbow trout grow larger than Brown trout? Two US states that really stick out here are Arkansas and Michigan. As of late December 2009, the fish captured by Healy was confirmed by both the International Game Fish Association and the Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame as the new all-tackle world record for the species. Effects of water temperature and fish size on predation vulnerability of juvenile humpback chub to rainbow trout and brown trout. Effects of contaminants on toxicity of the lampricides TFM and Bayer 73 to three species of fish. Each large female removed can result in thousands fewer eggs released back into the system when the remaining fish spawn. Courtenay, W.R., Jr., and J.D. Patterns in catch per unit effort of native prey fish and alien piscivorous fish in 7 Pacific Northwest USA rivers. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. Spatiotemporal patterns in trophic niche overlap among five salmonines in Lake Michigan, USA. However, there is evidence that Brown Trout possess mechanisms that allow them to adapt to higher temperatures by increasing its trophic position and increasing energy transfer efficiencies (OGorman et al. MacCrimmon et al. [19][20], First feeding of newly emerged fry is very important for brown trout survival in this phase of the lifecycle, and first feeding can occur even prior to emergence. The western limit of their native range is Iceland in the north Atlantic, while the eastern limit is in Aral Sea tributaries in Afghanistan and Pakistan. A trial of two trouts: comparing the impacts of rainbow and Brown Trout on a native galaxiid. The brown trout is a medium-sized fish, growing to 20 kg (44 lb) or more and a length of about 100 cm (39 in) in some localities, although in many smaller rivers, a mature weight of 1.0 kg (2.2 lb) or less is common. 1981. The continental European strain features a lighter golden cast with some red spotting and fewer dark spots. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141(2):495-506. These elusive trout may grow to large sizes, giving skilled (or lucky) anglers the opportunity to catch a trophy. Sandlund, A.G. Finstad, and B.O. Adults measure between 7 and 39 in. Well mostly brown with an olive green, brown or golden brown hue to its body. Wagner et al. Interactions between native Brown Trout and hatchery Brown Trout: effects on habitat use, feeding, and growth. Largemouth in creeks and streams will gorge themselves in preparation for upcoming winter months so give them something to eat like leeches, worms and crayfish. Science & Technical Publishing, New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. USFWS illustration by Duane Raver. Brown and brook trout are different this way! The data represented on this site vary in accuracy, scale, completeness, extent of coverage and origin. Some strains include: Seeforellen, Loch Leven, German, Wild Rose, Plymouth Rock, Gillaroo, and Sonaghen. 1976. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Great Lake rainbows can live 6 to 8 years while most small-stream . In the larger waters brown trout are longer and heavier. Epifanio, J.E. 1982. Occurrences are summarized in Table 1, alphabetically by state, with years of earliest and most recent observations, and the tally and names of drainages where the species was observed. [36], Stocking, farming and non-native brown trout, Snchez-Hernndez, J., Servia, M.J., Vieira-Lanero, R. & Cobo F. (2013). Distribution. The markings on the sides of the brook trout are much darker. Brown trout can be caught with lures such as spoons, spinners, jigs, plugs, plastic worm imitations, and live or dead baitfish. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 33(6):11581165. Brown Trout are commonly found in waters 525?, but are known to tolerate water temperatures 030? https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-016-9879-1. They are of particular importance in Scotland, Ireland, Englands famous chalk streams, Germany, and a large anadromous variety (sometimes called sea trout) in Iceland. The brown trout, Salmo trutta, is a European species that has been stocked in virtually every US state. I just want to ask you what the fall means.Im not sure what that is thanks.Can you explain exactly what is meant by the fall. Brown Trout in America. The second study concerns average lengths attained, by age groups, of wild brown trout from various Michigan waters (dates of collections not known). Age McKell, P.B. 1984). Kornis, J. Rinchard, B. Turschak, and T. Hook. On average, brown trout grow to between 15-22 inches, and weigh between approximately 0.5-2.5 kg (1-5 pounds). Taube, C.M. The effects of introduced fishes on native fishes: Arizona, southwestern United States. Animal Conservation 13:399-410. Brown Trout occupy similar habitat types as, and predate upon, Roundtail Chub (Gila robusta) (a species of conservation concern) in Wyoming lakes (Laske et al. Click here for reviews and best prices on amazon. 2012. Field studies have demonstrated that brown trout fed on several animal prey species, aquatic invertebrates being the most abundant prey items. Performance of four salmonids species in competition with Atlantic salmon. It is the user's responsibility to use these data consistent with their intended purpose and within stated limitations. Ikuta, K., Y. Suzuki, and S. Kitamura. The largest subspecies of S. trutta is the Caspian trout, reported to weigh up to a massive 51kg. While New Zealand holds the current world record fish, brown trout in the US arent all that much smaller. The biggest brown trout in Canada can be found in Lake Ontario and Lake Diefenbaker. Johansson, O.B. Wilzbach. The joy of the catch, the bait, the tackle and the outdoors in general is what Strike and Catch is all about. O'Gorman, E.J., O.P. The von Behr brown trout came from both mountain streams and large lakes in the Black Forest region of Baden-Wrttemberg. Local eradication of trout from streams using rotenone: the Australian experience. So, if you're looking to make your fishing trip more interesting, it might be a good option for you. Thirty-eight young trout were released in the river, a tributary of the River Derwent in 1866. References to specimens that were not obtained through sighting reports and personal communications are found through the hyperlink in the Table 1 caption or through the individual specimens linked in the collections tables. Lafferty, A. Siwertsson, and P.A. Defining characteristics include a slender, reddish-brown body with a long, narrow head. Clearwater, S.J., C.W. Copeia 1966(3):614-616. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 24(1):4455. Stripers feed aggressively in the spring before moving upstream to spawn. Canadian Field-Naturalist 84:343-350. Habitat requirements of Atlantic salmon and brown trout in rivers and streams. Brown trout can be found in small creeks, rivers and reservoirs. 2003. As such, both fish are often confused for each other by amateur anglers. Journal of Great Lakes Research 29(Supplement 1):529-541. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0288. Futia, M.H., M.J. Connerton, B.C. Brown Trout. A size 16 Pheasant Tail Nymph is another smart choice. Loch, and M. Faisal. An overview of recreational fisheries of the Great Lakes. What is the average size of a lake trout? 2011. Brown Trout that live in the Great Lakes are much harder to differentiate from Atlantic Salmon. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 48(Suppl. They evolved in Europe and western Asia and were introduced to North America in 1883 and to Montana in 1889 i . They could also be more aggressive than diploid fish and they may disturb spawning behaviour. 2016. The Nonindigenous Occurrences section of the NAS species profiles has a new structure. 2013. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 112:137-146. The maximum length of this fantastic trout species is around 45 inches, while its maximum weight is about 45lb. Those are pretty good odds for the average angler, especially considering that 26 percent of the browns were better than 16 inches. The impact of trout introductions on macro- and micro-invertebrate communities of fishless boreal lakes. Gots. Journal of Great Lakes Research 43(1):211215. A 20lb brown trout can hence be considered to be a true giant. Subscriber Services. Crow, A.S. Hicks, and G.P. S. trutta morpha fario prefers well-oxygenated water in the temperature range of 60 to 65F (16 to 18C). For problems and technical issues, contact Matthew Neilson. Biological Conservation 78:13-22. Temperature requirements of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, brown trout Salmo trutta and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus: predicting the effects of climate change. More so, it helps keep blood pressure levels balanced and stable. Anadromous and non-anadromous morphs coexisting in the same river appear genetically identical. To me, fishing is a passion and a lifestyle. Global Change Biology 22(9):32063220. Although this is the average size, they are able to grow up to 9kg (20 pounds) in the right conditions. I've caught brown trout on this fly anywhere from New Zealand to Japan. 1968. Brown trout which are also known as just browns by some of the locals are not native to Ontario. Fly fishing techniques are recommended over casting for rivers and streams. U.S. Billman, C. Ellsworth, and B.R. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Bulletin 184. What size brown trout is considered a trophy? Native range (Europe, northern Africa, western Asia): Brown trout are native to portions of Europe, northwestern Africa, and western Asia. In fact it can grow to an impressive 40 pounds or more in some localities. DeWald, L., and M.A. Reintroduction of a native galaxiid (Galaxias fasciatus) following piscicide treatment in two streams: response and recovery of the fish population. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. In lakes, they can reach a length of 8 to 14 inches after 2 years and 15 to 20 inches once they are 3 or 4 years old. Adult stream-dwelling (fluvial) brown trout usually grow to between 15 and 22 inches in length and between 1 and 5 pounds, depending on a variety of factors mostly related to habitat and genetics. 1996. It can grow more than 20 inches on average and is considered a decent catch among anglers. Suckers can grow to more than a foot long. Every wile inherited from generations of wily ancestors was tried until, in a moment of exhaustion, the net was slipped under him. 1996. [citation needed] Hagelin, A., and E. Bergman. Gerig, and G.A. Stream browns over 635-mm (25-in.) Systema Naturae established the system of binomial nomenclature for animals. Brown have gained a solid foothold in both Australias mainland and Tasmania, providing plentiful sportfishing opportunities. ! States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations. But how big do brown trout actually get? Lures resembling smelt, alewife and minnows provide more success than those that replicate other fish species. The wide variety of issues that adversely affect brown trout throughout its range do not exclusively affect brown trout, but affect many or all species within a water body, thus altering the ecosystem in which the trout reside. Salmo trutta morpha trutta Unlike brook trout, catching brown trout over 20 inches is not that uncommon but their average size is 10 to 14 inches. Get the top Fly Fisherman stories delivered right to your inbox. should work to catch rainbow trout in most places. It includes purely freshwater populations, referred to as the riverine ecotype, Salmo trutta morpha fario, a lacustrine ecotype, S. trutta morpha lacustris, also called the lake trout,[3][4] and anadromous forms known as the sea trout, S. trutta morpha trutta. Journal Fisheries Research Board Canada 25(12):2527-2548. Food preference can change from one hour to the next. Hughes, R.M. Winter diet of brown trout Salmo trutta in groundwater-dominated streams: influence of environmental factors on spatial and temporal variation. Brown Trout and Rainbow Trout Size Difference. As with other kinds of trout, the growth of brown trout is extremely variable, depending primarily on the productivity of a particular stream and also on the strain of brown trout. Mason, and Y. Cha. In Europe, brown trout are typically . However, the stock length for brown trout is 8 inches, with a quality fish being 12 inches long. Brown trout start to be considered trophy size at 25 inches long. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 78(6):765774. Kemp, G.J.A. While their average life span is about 5 to 6 years, many brown trout can get as old as 10 years. We're also looking for your contributions and suggestions. What is the best size line for trout fishing? Between 1884 and 1890, brown trout were introduced into suitable habitats throughout the U.S.[8] By 1900, 38 states and two territories had received stocks of brown trout. (Interesting Trout Facts), What Do Brown Trout Eat? Larocque, T.B. 1999. That means it was almost certainly the only trout species present in the area's streams and lakes before the arrival of white settlers in the 1800s. Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia (Page and Burr 1991). Trout and Salmon of North America. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 28(1-4):407-410. Their average size is between 1 and 5lb and 10 and 20 inches. ), and streamers (Woolly Buggers, Muddler Minnows, sculpin patterns, etc.) [24] Brown trout have had serious negative impacts on upland native fish species in some of the countries where they have been introduced, particularly Australia. Gislason. https://doi.org/10.1002/nafm.10216. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 121(3):287-296. In 1885, brown trout eggs from Loch Leven, Scotland, arrived in New York. The data presented represent the average size, by age groups, for September collections. Courtenay, W.R., Jr., D.A. The brown trout is a medium-sized fish, growing to 20kg (44lb) or more and a length of about 100cm (39in) in some localities, although in many smaller rivers, a mature weight of 1.0kg (2.2lb) or less is common. Brown trout prefer locations with overhead cover (overhanging riverbanks, tree limbs, etc.). Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress, Theme 3. Ferreri, eds. Sockeye Salmon will hit Rapalas or spinners that have rainbow or brown trout colous. Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta). Known impact of exotic fishes in the continental United States. 2021. Hannesdottir, M.C. Brook trout are, on average, a bit smaller than brown trout, staying between 6 and 15 inches in length. https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2015.1111258. The average lake run adult weighs eight pounds, although individuals can grow to be much larger. Fitzsimons, B.C. Temperature effects on fish production across a natural thermal gradient. But standard dry flies (Parachute Adams, Elk Hair Caddis, hoppers, etc. 2003). Deweber, J. Detar, and J.A. For example, Brown Trout may have depleted the Modoc Sucker (Catostomus microps), an endangered species, in Rush Creek, Modoc County (Moyle and Marciochi 1975). A Brown Trout caught on a fly rod on the South Fork of the Snake in Swan Valley, Idaho. 2020). Swanson, and C.R. This species can often be confused with the Atlantic Salmon. The Rainbow Trout and Steelhead Trout are the same species. Brown trout tend to be larger than other trout. We produce over 1,200 titles and print more than 13 million calendars annually for a worldwide market. Seems like a brown that size would eat something a heck of a lot bigger . Young, K.A., J.B. Dunham, J.F. (Elliot and Elliot 2010). Those Brown Trout that are found in large lake systems, including the Great Lakes are silver like their ocean going browns. Adult Brown Trout usually reach larger sizes than Brook Trout or Rainbow Trout. Boogaard, M.A., T.D. Unlike brook trout, brown trout can grow to considerable size, up to 20 pounds. https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.325. Triploids certainly compete with diploid fish for food, space, and other resources. The lacustrine morph of brown trout is most usually potamodromous, migrating from lakes into rivers or streams to spawn, although evidence indicates some stocks spawn on wind-swept shorelines of lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68(4):593-602. Pages 41-77 in Courtenay, W.R., Jr., and J.R. Stauffer, Jr., eds. 1999. Once brown trout were introduced into the U.S. in the 1880s, they became a major subject of American angling literature. feature of brown trout are their dark spots on the sides of their body that are surrounded by light halos.Average 12-18 inches. This enormous fish was caught on September 5, 2009 in Alberta, Canada by Sean Konrad using a X-Rap Jointed Shad with a Bonito color pattern. Since then, the species has been stocked in virtually every state. They can reach 45 inches in length, but are usually much smaller. Brook, Brown and Rainbow trout require cold, clean water and are therefore generally restricted to mountain streams and lakes. This usually varies depending on the diet this fish had throughout its life. Wagner, T., J.T. Gainesville, Florida. Thailly, G. Gajardo, and C.G. Brown trout. 2003. 2016. Salmo lacustris was used for lake-dwelling forms. Armstrong, J.D., P.S. [16] Moreover, in brown trout, as in many other fish species, a change in the diet composition normally occurs during the life of the fish,[17] and piscivorous behaviour is most frequent in large brown trout. Thompson, J. McKillen, A. Ferguson, K. Hindar, and K.F. Behnke (2007) relates that the brown trout was the first species of trout described in the 1758 edition of Systema Naturae by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus. Rock snot is believed to have spread accidentally on the soles of the footwear of visitors from areas where the alga is native. Triploids are favoured by anglers because they grow faster and larger than diploid trout. Rainbow Trout On average, rainbow trout grow to between 12-20 inches, and weigh between approximately 0.5-2kg (1-4 pounds). As their name suggests, fish of this species have a brownish coloration to their scales. Amundsen. . A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Adfluvial (lake-dwelling) adults can reach larger sizes on average due to the fact that they burn fewer calories fighting the current to find food in rare instances reaching more than 20 pounds. Smith. An average brown trout is around 2 to 10 pounds and between 12 and 14 inches long. Golden Trout. S. trutta bones from an archaeological site in Italy, and ancient DNA extracted from some of these bones, indicate that both abundance and genetic diversity increased markedly during the colder Younger Dryas period, and fell during the warmer Blling-Allerd event. By 1866, 171 young brown trout were surviving in a Plenty River hatchery in Tasmania. Dispersal of exotic species from aquaculture sources, with emphasis on freshwater fishes. Taylor, and J.A. Inland Fishes of California. Does habitat restoration increase coexistence of native stream fishes with introduced brown trout: a case study on the middle Provo River, Utah, USA. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.13361. Van Vilet, D., T.P. Coloration is usually dark to olive brown on the back, shading to yellow on the sides, and yellow or white on the belly. It was an angler named Seumas Petrie who caught this enormous fish on the Ohau Canal in New Zealand in 2020. Trout are more often found in heavy and strong currents. Diet and trophic niche space and overlap of Lake Ontario salmonid species using stable isotopes and stomach contents. Many other rivers and lakes throughout North America host stocked browns as well, particularly tailwaters (rivers below dams), cold spring creeks, and mountain/high gradient streams in cool climates. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12123. While in freshwater, their diets frequently include invertebrates from the streambed, other fish, frogs, mice, birds, and insects flying near the water's surface. Elsewhere: There are sporadic pockets of non-native brown trout populations worldwide, including in suitable environments of Asia and southern and eastern Africa. Spots on the lower body are red. It was first mentioned in angling literature as "fish with speckled skins" by Roman author Aelian (circa 200 AD) in On the Nature of Animals. Henriksen, E.H., R. Knudsen, R. Kristoffersen, A.M. Kuris, K.D. Accessed [11/3/2022]. 2003. The first study concerns wild brown trout in Crystal Creek, New York (Schuck, 1943). Diet complexity of Lake Michigan salmonines: 2015-2016. Long-term trout production dynamics in Valley Creek, MN. MacCrimmon, H.R., T.L. Salmo trutta was used to describe anadromous or sea-run forms of brown trout. 2021. . This area hosts both sea-run and landlocked browns, with the sea-runners often obtaining very large proportions, which has made this area a worldwide destination for fly-fishing tourism. DID YOU KNOW: According to local reports, a massive 68lb wild brown trout was netted in Switzerlands Lake Maggiore back in 1928. Sometimes these spots are red in color on both fish but are not available in salt water. The brown trout has two pectoral fins having 12 to 15 rays, two pelvic fins with 9 to 10 rays, an anal fin with 10 to 13 rays, a dorsal fin having 14 to 16 rays, an adipose fin, and a caudal fin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 78(3):332338. 1984. Bills. East Lansing, MI. In the Rocky Mountains, for example, the introduction of non-native browns (and rainbows) have decimated native cutthroat trout and Arctic grayling populations due to out-competing them brown trout (along with rainbow trout, in many locales) are more assertive and dominate prime feeding lies and spawning grounds compared to these native species. Effects of turbidity on predation vulnerability of juvenile Humpback Chub to Rainbow Trout and Brown Trout. 1996. Differential interactions of two introduced piscivorous salmonids with a native cyprinid in lentic systems: implications for conservation of roundtail chub.
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