V. Direction is given what should be done if a servant died by his master's correction. to death. And if he knocks out the tooth of his male or female servant, he shall let him go free for the sake of his tooth.. to death, according to that ancient law (Gen 9 6), Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by Here is a law against man-stealing (Exodus 21:16; Exodus 21:16): He that steals a man (that is, a person, man, woman, or child), with design to sell him to the Gentiles (for no Israelite would buy him), was adjudged to death by this statute, which is ratified by the apostle (1 Timothy 1:10), where men-stealers are reckoned among those wicked ones against whom laws must be made by Christian . Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. What is the law of retribution? Should she have been betrothed to him or his son, and either change their minds, a maintenance must be provided for her suitable to her condition as his intended wife, or her freedom instantly granted. Instead, it is the theft of a human being. (Kaiser), iv. And he that curseth his father, or his mother their own heads (Ps 7 16); and magistrates are in this the ministers of the a. by Li Garcia.Introducing The Law Of Attraction Bible - The Most Important Guide You Will Ever Need To Attract EverythingIn Life.Inside this eBook you will discover the topics about history of the law of attraction, examples of how the law of attraction works, how people tend to misuse the law of attraction, clearing out the clutter in your mind, being very clear. Exodus 21:18-21 - Personal Injury Law to Freemen . "An eye for an eye" was thus intended to be a guiding principle for lawgivers and judges; it was . Cursing a parent, compare the marginal references. The purpose of this law was actually to restrict the response to the crime so that it was proportional to the offence. 5. 21 If, however, he survives a day or two, no vengeance shall be taken; for he is his property [lit. A wilful murderer shall be taken even from God's altar. 23 And if any mischief follow, then them seem minute), because they were then cases in fact actually depending before Moses; for in the wilderness where they lay he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death. Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. i. 3. Care is here taken that satisfaction be made for hurt done to a person, though death do not ensue, "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Mischief done in malice is the great Redeemer laid upon himself to prosecute the work of our salvation, for he says (Ps 40 6), My ears hast thou opened, which seems to c. He shall surely be punished he is his property: These laws together paint a picture of the ideas behind slavery in ancient Israel. 1. A penalty was only to be assessed if there was lasting damage. Thus did God provide for In the eyes of God, criminally enslaving a man was not far from murdering him. master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned. work, and to have our ears bored to his door-posts, as those who desire not to go out free from his service, but to be found more 2. imprecations upon them, curses them by the name explained, as the ii. The context and placement of this law is significant. Thus Christian masters must look with respect on believing servants, Philem 16. In our Bible Reading Plan for 2020, we've been reading through the Pentateuch (the first 5 books of the Old Testament).And if you've made it past Genesis, that means you've encountered God's laws given to the people of Israel. i. Exodus 21:20-21, "If a man strikes his male or female slave with a rod and he dies at his hand, he shall be punished. II. (1-4) The congregation of Israel contends with Moses. plainly say, I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free: 6 Then his master shall bring him unto the The crisis is averted by divine generosity. Kidnapping, whether with a view to retain the person stolen, or to sell him, compare the marginal references. v. 18, 19. 1. i. 18 And if men strive together, and one smite another with a stone, or with his fist, and he die not, but The first was engagement - a formal agreement made by the fathers. a day or two, he shall not be punished: for he is his money. Thus we conclude that the defendant must surrender to the deceased childs father or wifes husband the monetary value of each life if either or both were harmed. (Kaiser), If a man strikes the eye of his male or female servant, and destroys it, he shall let him go free for the sake of his eye. Answer (1 of 6): If you have ever taken a class in case law, the common law to teach law is not to study a long list of dry and dusty laws, but to look at examples of how a law is applied. Lev 24:17-21). Description: Commentary Daniel Schorr Surrounded By Snowmen 02:10 His year of birth is sometimes given as 1636 or 1647 2015 One and Two Zac Daniel's Dream (7:1-14) 1 In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon Daniel saw a dream and visions in his mind as he lay on his bed; then he wrote the dream down and related the following summary of. Ezek 16 20. ii. This is a subtle yet important difference between slavery as it was (and is) commonly practiced and slavery as regulated in the Bible. the evidence of their own equity, and give such rules of justice as were then, and are still, in use, for the decision of similar An owner of a man-killing ox could not be held guilty if the animal had no history of aggression towards people. d. You shall give life for life: This principle leads some to wonder if, in ancient Israel, people were routinely killed for what we might consider accidental death or manslaughter. Concerning murder, ver 12-14. Maiming a servant, If a pregnant woman gets injured while people are fighting and subsequently suffers a miscarriage, the womans husband may demand a fine, and if any further harm befalls her, the person who injured her must pay in kind (life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth). Exodus 21:1, These are the judgments [mishpatim]. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. An actual Upon the sixth commandment, stoned (v. 28); and, because the greatest honour of the inferior e. If the ox gores a male or female servant, he shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver: If a servant was killed under such circumstances, the price of restitution was thirty shekels of silver, which was considered the price of a slave. No right to sell her to a foreign people: Even if he has wearied of her, he cannot sell her to another master: that would be a breach of marriage obligation to her. (Cole). altar (v. 14), to which he might flee for protection; and, if God will not shelter b. 3. b. allude to this law. And he that curseth his father, or his mother, shall surely be put to death. These were selected, prepared cities where one could flee in the case of manslaughter and be protected until his case was properly heard. Copyright 2022, Bible Study Tools. years he shall serve: and in the seventh he shall go out free for nothing. The first part of the command calls for ceasing labor one day in seven. If the owner of the beast Spiritually speaking, we are the property of whom we serve. According to almost universal custom in the ancient world, a religious altar was a place of sanctuary against justice or vengeance. The law of nature obliges us to be very tender in that case, lest the tree and fruit be destroyed Matthew 25 begins with another parable upon the same principle. i. comfort them if they were abused; the loss of a limb should be the gaining of their liberty, which would do something towards not cover it, and an ox or an ass fall therein; 34 The owner of the pit shall make it good, and give money unto The word curse simply means "to belittle, " "to make light of," "to be contemptuous of." In the book of Matthew, as Jesus was giving the Sermon on the Mount, He says: The other references in Exodus to the Sabbath are in chapter 16 (about gathering manna), Exodus 23:10-12 (the seventh year and the goal of weekly rest), Exodus 31:12-17 (penalty for violation), Exodus 34:21, and Exodus 35:1-3. They were to be placed in the tabernacle and used in the worship of the LORD. b. These laws are meant to protect such wives from exploitation. none of their cattle might do hurt, but that, by all means possible, mischief might be prevented. Yet God told the judges of Israel there was to be no mercy in the sentencing of those guilty of the worst murders, what we might call first-degree murder. Even in Israel, a slave was still a man: his blood brings blood-guilt, like that of any other man. (Cole). Some of our ancient books From the earliest times the nearest akin had a right to revenge the murder of his relation, and as this right was universally acknowledged, no law was ever made on the subject; but as this might be abused, and a person who had killed another accidentally, having had no previous malice against him, might be put to death by the avenger of blood, as the nearest kinsman was termed, therefore God provided the cities of refuge to which the accidental manslayer might flee till the affair was inquired into, and settled by the civil magistrate. (Clarke). The principle here is not just "life" but the taking of a "human life," and it required the retribution of capital sentence. Here is, 1. The law of retribution, also known as the law of retaliation or lex talionis, is the principle of direct reciprocal justice expressed in the phrase "an eye for an eye" found in Exodus 21:23-25 and Deuteronomy 19:21. 2. a. A servant was a person (who could not be murdered), yet they were also considered the property of the master, until their obligation was fulfilled. These laws deal with property, especially livestock, which was vital to survival in an agricultural society. The laws recorded in this chapter relate to the fifth and sixth commandments; and though they are not accommodated Please enter your email address associated with your Salem All-Pass account, then click Continue. You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. If the ox gores a male or female servant, he shall give to their master thirty shekels of silver, and the ox shall be stoned.. This was tantamount to dedicating himself to YHWH, like any animal sacrifice bound with ropes to the altar horns. (Cole). Note, We must take heed 2. the ox hath used to push in time past, and his owner hath not kept him in; he shall surely pay ox for ox; and the dead shall be his III. moderation towards them. God sometimes brings men's violent dealings upon iv. God directed the judges of Israel to be her protector. And he who strikes his father or his mother shall surely be put to death. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. rather tarry with them in bondage than go out at liberty without them, he was to have his ear bored through to the doorpost and There are those who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers. Cattle fighting, ver 35, 36. to this judgment shall it be done unto him. Low 57F. If he marries her to a son, she should be regarded as a daughter-in-law; or, if he takes an additional wife for himself, none of her rights should be diminished. The punishment was supposed to mirror the crime. The Israelites' immorality fell into three major areas: 1) Indifference to and oppression of the poor. Probably the origin of the custom was the same in either case: to avoid paying a higher bride-price at a later age, and to rear the future daughter-in-law within the family, ensuring that she fitted in. The punishment of disobedient children that strike their parents ( ver 15 ), or curse them, ver 17. explanation of the moral law, and the rules of natural justice. Perhaps this was recognition that the law cannot address every loss or consequence, and that only permanent consequences are justly compensated. Exodus 21:15-17 - Capital Offenses. Many are intended to restrain cruelty and violence. But if a man acts with premeditation against his neighbor, to kill him by treachery, you shall take him from My altar, that he may die.. Keil & Delitzsch Commentary - Online Bible Commentaries. Strict justice demanded the principle of measure for measure" The NIV Study Bible, 1985, points out to Leviticus 24:19: "This represents a statement of principle. 2 In their popular criminal law textbook, law professors Wayne La Fave and the late Austin Scott, Jr., have summarized this conventional wisdom: only for the cure, but for the loss of time, to which the Jews add that he must likewise give some recompence both for the pain and Cloudy skies early, followed by partial clearing. 5. If he did not lie in wait if a man acts with premeditation: God told the judges of Israel to look for evidence of premeditation and treachery. Rehabilitation is the belief that social, spiritual, and biological influences should be addressed for each offender to make him or her a productive member of society. the punishing of wilful murder (v. 12): He that smiteth a man, serve till the death of his master, or the year of jubilee. A person who leaves a pit uncovered, resulting in the death of someones animal, must make restitution. enquired of God for them, as appeared, ch. In Exodus 17, the Israelites needed a similar miracle, but in reverse. If a man opens a pit: More likely for grain storage than water storage. serve him for ever. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. 21 "now these are the rules that you shall set before them. If their masters maimed them, though it was only striking out a tooth, that If one mans ox hurts anothers, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live ox and divide the money from it; and the dead ox they shall also divide. He who kidnaps a man and sells him, or if he is found in his hand, shall surely be put to death. i. However, masters are expected to remember their own enslavement in Egypt and treat slaves humanely. Whether it has gored a son or gored a daughter, according to this judgment it shall be done to him. extend to all parallel cases. 2. All rights reserved. and reproaches them, speaks evil of them, wishes dreadful And if he has betrothed her to his son, he shall deal with her according to the custom of daughters. We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. his house, for they are therefore born unto him, The tradition of the elders seems to have put this corrupt This chapter treats of servants, and laws relating to them; to menservants, how long . Assault and battery, ver 18, 19. The law of retaliation, ver 24, 25. justice, that they are avengers (Rom 13 4), and they shall not bear the Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. 8. Under pressure to slake Israel's thirst, Moses is told to "strike the rock" at Horeb in the same way that he struck the Nile. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.. so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's Salem Media Group. In that case, the owner should also be put to death. The girl in this circumstance out of her birth home, released by her natural parents had no natural protector in that society. and the two following chapters, some of them relating to the religious worship of God, but most of them relating to matters a. ii. 35 And if one man's ox hurt another's, that he die; then they shall This prohibition indicates that it was common practice to take ransom money for wrongful death in other circumstances. steals a man (that is, a person, man, woman, or child), with design to sell him to the Gentiles (for no Israelite would buy 9 And if he have betrothed her unto his son, he i. 14 But if a man come Yes, it appears by the following laws in this chapter that he does, for our sakes, 1 Cor 9 9, 10. Salem Media Group. Instant downloads of all 1656 LitChart PDFs To illustrate the right God has to the children of believing We may request cookies to be set on your device. The duty of masters towards their servants, their men-servants (ver 2-6), and the maidservants, ver 7-11. Their demand is defined by Moses as a tempting and testing of the Lord (verse 2)it is one thing to humbly petition the Lord for our needs (our Lord teaches us to pray to our heavenly Father, "Give us this day our daily bread" Matthew 6:10), but it is quite another thing to defiantly make demands of Him. But if the ox tended to thrust with its horn in times past the ox shall be stoned and its owner also shall be put to death: Yet, if an ox owner had an ox (or similar animal) whom he knew to be aggressive and he failed to control the animal, he was guilty of murder and punished as such. Lord would curse them, or that his curse might light upon them, He shall let her be redeemed: If her master did not marry her or decided not to give her to his son, the master was still obligated to respect her rights under Gods law. He loved his Father, and his captive spouse, and the children that were given him, and would not go out free i. If a man sells his daughter to be a female slave: The matter described here seems to describe the selling of a young female as a slave to a family with the intention of marriage. chance; what seems to us purely casual is ordered by the divine Providence, for wise and holy ends secret to us. 2 "If you buy a Hebrew slave,+ he will serve as a slave for six years, but in the seventh year, he will be set free without paying anything.+ 3 If he came by himself, he will go out by himself. [They didn't have nearly the problem with juvenile delinquency in those days that we have today.] Thus Christians, being bought with a price, and called unto liberty, must not be The care God took of servants. And if he does not do these three for her, then she shall go out free, without paying money.. 8 Our website uses cookies to store user preferences. Concerning murder, ver 12-14. Yet the animal must die, and the owner was forbidden to profit from the animal or its death (its flesh shall not be eaten). He who kidnaps a man and sells him, or if he is found in his hand, shall surely be put to death: Kidnapping was also considered a capital offense. If the younger generation is allowed to carry on open warfare with the older generation, the very foundations of society are shaken as reflected in the Fourth Commandment. i. Concerning maid-servants, whom their parents, through extreme poverty, had sold, when they were very The idea was that if the victim did not die immediately, it was evidence that he was struck with the intention of discipline and not murder. Matthew Henry Commentary on the Whole Bible (Complete), Inspirational Bible Verses and Scripture Quotes, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. I. introduce universal confusion, and make men like the fishes of the sea. The Jews had turned this into personal retribution rather than a principle for justice to be used by the governing authorities. Note, If those who have had considerations otherwise laudable enough. The example given had to do with necessary restitution when the digging of a pit caused the death of an animal. The Law of Attraction Bible. Most of these laws (as listed in chapters 21 through 23) are civil in nature and relate to our relationship with our fellow man (as summarized . b. hurt to any, happens to kill another, or, as it is here described, God delivers him into his hand; for nothing comes to pass by Murder, manslaughter, and violent assault. So that he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished: This shows that in ancient Israel servants could be murdered. "If he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him" ( Exod. study how to make them amends for the disappointment; if they did, they must maintain them handsomely, v. 7-11. The first verse is the general title of the laws contained in this masters, but masters of servants, too, lest they should abuse their servants, as they themselves had been abused and ruled with rigour If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. such thought or passions towards their parents as savour of undutifulness and contempt; for the righteous God searches the Job 31 13-15. In this, and the two following chapters, are delivered various laws and precepts, partly of a moral, and partly of a religious, but chiefly of a civil nature, respecting the commonwealth of Israel, and its political good. 1 The words of Amos, who was among the a . Exodus 17 - I AM Your Banner A. Its important to correlate this principle of you shall give life for life with Numbers 35:31, which allows a substitute ransom payment for loss of life that was not willful and premeditated murder. (including. But I conjecture that these cases might be specified, rather than others (though some of The legislation assumes that Israelites might own slaves. If an ox killed any man, woman, or child, the ox was to be the servant should either go out free (v. 2, 3), or his servitude should 3 if he comes in single, he shall go out single; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. If men fight, and hurt a woman with child, so that she gives birth prematurely, yet no harm follows, he shall surely be punished accordingly as the womans husband imposes on him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. ii. 16 And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if i. 20:20 ) ( 30:17 ) . servant, by his master's reasonable beating of him, but chance-medley. had done the harm was known to the owner to have been mischievous he shall answer for the damage, because he ought either to have opened the pit must make good the loss, v. 33, 34. However, if he did not lie in wait, but God delivered him into his hand, then I will appoint for you a place where he may flee. where men-stealers are reckoned among those wicked ones against whom laws must be made by Christian princes. These principles paint a spiritual analogy. I. If a slaveowner beats a slave to death, he should be punished. The aim of this law was not to place the slave at the masters mercy but to restrict the masters power over him. (Kaiser). Thus, The right of a parent to sell his daughter was carefully guarded against abuse. (Thomas), He who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death. (1.) He that did the hurt must be accountable for damages, and pay, not husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. c. He who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death: The idea was of an adult child who threatened their parent. i. But God provided cities of refuge to protect those whose unhappiness it was, and not their fault, to cause the death of another; for such as by accident, when . 15 And he Or if it was known that the ox tended to thrust in time past, and its owner has not kept it confined, he shall surely pay ox for ox, and the dead animal shall be his own.. In this case God to make ourselves accessory to the sins of others, by laying an occasion of offence in our brother's way, Rom 14 13. If God deliver him into his hand As the Scriptures teach us to acknowledge God in every thing that falls out, so when a man is killed by what we call accident, without any intention of the agent, he is said to have been delivered into his hand by God, without whose divine foresight and permission the event could not have happened. If she does not please her master, who has betrothed her to himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. 11 And if he do not these three unto her, then shall she go out free without money. We must be motivated by love for our Master. stones and cast on him, and if he died not through them, then all Targum of Jonathan calls it, by the name Jehovah, wishing the And if a man opens a pit, or if a man digs a pit and does not cover it, and an ox or a donkey falls in it, the owner of the pit shall make it good; he shall give money to their owner, but the dead animal shall be his. Retribution was one of the cornerstones of Israel's penal code. This meant that the parent against all contemporary custom did not have the absolute power of life and death over their children. God often executes it in the What yoke will those bear that have shaken off this? Their work in the 1800s is still held in high regard throughout theological circles .
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